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Dendrochronology, the study of tree-ring records to glean information about the past, is possible because each year a tree adds

a new layer of wood between the existing wood and the bark. In temperate and subpolar climates, cells added at the growing season's start are large and thin-walled, but later the new cells that develop are smaller and thick-walled; the growing season is followed by a period of dormancy. When a tree trunk is viewed in cross section, a boundary line is normally visible between the small-celled wood added at the end of the growing season in the previous year and the large-celled spring wood of the following year's growing season. The annual growth pattern appears as a series of larger and larger rings. In wet years rings are broad; during drought years they are narrow, since the trees grow less. Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions.

However, trees that grew in areas with a steady supply of groundwater show little variation in ring width from year to year; these "complacent" rings tell nothing about changes in climate. And trees in extremely dry regions may go a year or two without adding any rings, thereby introducing uncertainties into the count. Certain species sometimes add more than one ring in a single year, when growth halts temporarily and then starts again.

The passage suggests which of the following about the ring

patterns of two trees that grew in the same area and that were of different, but overlapping, ages?

(A) The rings corresponding to the overlapping years would often exhibit similar patterns.

(B) The rings corresponding to the years in which only one of the trees was alive would not reliably indicate the climate conditions of those years.

(C) The rings corresponding to the overlapping years would exhibit similar patterns only if the trees were of the same species.

(D) The rings corresponding to the overlapping years could not be complacent rings.

(E) The rings corresponding to the overlapping years would provide a more reliable index of dry climate conditions than of wet conditions.

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答案：

這道題目有

一定的難度，看似像一個(gè)“支持主題”類的題目，但實(shí)際上文章并沒有明確說明在同一地區(qū)的不同年齡的兩顆樹應(yīng)該有什么共同點(diǎn)。這個(gè)題目定位在第一段最后一句“Often, ring patterns of dead trees of different, but overlapping, ages can be correlated to provide an extended index of past climate conditions.” (A)Correct. 它們重合年齡的年輪通常有相似的形式。第一段在描述一個(gè)年輪形成的過程，說明年輪形成過程大體相同，在定位句作者提到，不同年齡的樹，只要有共同活著的時(shí)間，那么這樣的年輪就可以被聯(lián)系起來提供氣候信息。就年輪的成因來說，每年的年輪由于氣候等原因應(yīng)該是不一樣的。每棵樹的大小，粗細(xì)等都有不同，這樣年輪不會(huì)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的粗細(xì)之分，所以只能通過相對(duì)的年輪模式的相似性來判斷相對(duì)的那些年的氣候。如果任意一顆樹在相同的時(shí)間段內(nèi)的年輪模式也不相似，則定位句的意義就不存在了，因?yàn)槿绻裁炊疾幌嗨疲簿蜎]有任何東西可以互相聯(lián)系了。 (B)和只有一顆樹活著的年份相符的年輪不能說明那些年的氣候情況。只要兩棵樹有共同活著的年份，那么其他任何的這顆樹的年輪都可以通過其粗細(xì)來顯示氣候。所以就算在有些年只有一棵樹活著，該樹的年輪也可以反映那些年的氣候。 (C)只有同種類的樹木在共同活著的年份中才能有模式相似的年輪。文中并沒有提到一定要同種的樹木。 (D)在重合年份的樹木的年輪不能是“complacent”的年輪。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)很有迷惑性。細(xì)讀文中第一段可知，為什么定位句說用兩顆樹的年輪才能判斷判斷氣候信息，是因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)是用“非重疊”的年輪來判斷氣候的。如果用兩棵樹相似部分的年輪來判斷氣候的話，那么也就不必要用兩顆樹了。所以，“重疊”年份的年輪是不是“complacent”并無所謂，只要其他的年輪不是“complacent”的就可以了。 (E)年輪在濕潤的條件下比干燥的條件更能可靠的反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的氣候。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以定位在“In wet years rings are broad; during drought years they are narrow, since the trees grow less”。文中沒有提到證據(jù)證明濕潤氣候比干燥氣候更加的可靠。